Biofertilizers are organic compounds with active microorganisms that support plant development and soil fertility. By fixing nutrients and making them easily accessible to the plants, they cooperate with the plants. There are various kinds of biofertilizer, such as:
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are present in these biofertilizers, which transform atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia and other plant-useful forms of nitrogen. Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and Azospirillum are a few examples.
These biofertilizers that solubilize phosphorus from insoluble substances in the soil so that it is available to plants contain microorganisms that do this. For this, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and fungi are frequently utilized.
Biofertilizer that mobilize potassium from fixed soil forms so that plants can access it more easily are known as potassium-mobilizing biofertilizer. A few types of bacteria and fungi are involved in the solubilization of potassium.
Biofertilizers that selectively solubilize phosphate are able to liberate it from inaccessible forms in the soil and make it available to plants.
Sulfur-oxidizing biofertilizers: These contain bacteria that oxidize sulfur to produce sulfate, which is a form that plants may absorb, from elemental sulfur or sulfur compounds.
Biofertilizers that break down silicate minerals into silica might benefit plants by increasing their resilience to pests and diseases. Silicate-solubilizing bacteria can break down silicate minerals into silica.
