ETL ( Economic Threshold Level ) uses parameters that are constantly changing for calculation of pest population. Farmers cannot make decisions based only on a pest count. Before they can make the best crop management decisions, they must examine many other characteristics of the crop, as well as their own economic and social circumstances. Natural enemies, plant compensatory abilities, and abiotic variables are not taken into account in ETL-based IPM . While in AESA ( Agro-Ecosystem Analysis ) based IPM emphasis is given to natural enemies, plant compensation ability, abiotic factors and P: D ratio.
What is AESA ?
AESA or Agro-Ecosystem Analysis is the process where farmers learn how to observe the crop, how to analyze the field situation and how to make proper decisions for their crop management. AESA include analysing field situations with regard to pests, defenders, soil conditions, plant health, the influence of climatic factors and their inter-relationship for growing healthy crop. Such a critical analysis of the field situations will help in taking appropriate decision on management practices.
How nutrient management is done in sugarcane ?
In sugarcane farming, nutrient management is critical for optimum crop growth. It is always preferable to determine the amount of nutrients required through soil testing and then enrich the soil accordingly. If this is not possible, NPK can be administered at rates of 275 kg, 63 kg, and 115 kg per hectare using inorganic or organic sources, respectively.
How temperature affects the nutrition uptake of plants?
Increased temperature stress reduces nutrition uptake and subsequent assimilation. Calcium absorption in Maize is lowered when the temperature is raised to 28 degrees Celsius. Rice nutrient absorption is influenced by soil and air temperature. The activity of nitrate reductase decreases at high temperatures.
How climate influences crop ?
Climate is the most crucial determining element in a crop’s fitness for a specific region. The crop’s yield potential is mostly determined by the weather. Climate is responsible for more than half of crop fluctuation. Solar radiation, temperature, and rainfall are the most essential climatic elements that influence crop growth, development, and yield.
What is the role of liquid azospirillum ?
Stimulates growth and imparts a healthy green colour to the plant. Potash, phosphorus, and other nutrients are more easily absorbed. Encourage plumpness and succulence in fruits, as well as a higher protein content.
How to control rhizome rot in cardamom?
Drench nursery with 1 lit of Formaldehyde in 50 lit water for 3 sq.m. before sowing. Prophylactic drench with 0.25% Mancozeb or 1% Bordeaux mixture immediately after germination to control Pythium and 0.05% Carbendazim after 15 days to control Rhizoctonia.
What is the climate requirement for anthurium?
Anthurium prefers a permeable, well-drained, aerated soil with plenty of organic matter. The pH of the soil should be between 5.5 and 6.5. It thrives under green shade nets with 70–80 percent shade intention, 80–90 percent humidity, 24–28°C daytime temperatures, and 15–22°C nighttime temperatures, and 1500–2000 foot candles light intensity.
How seed treatment of groundnut is done ?
Biocontrol agents and biofertilizers are compatible. Biocontrol agents are applied first, followed by Rhizobium. Biocontrol agents and fungicides are incompatible. Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg seed or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed. Treat the seeds with Thiram or Mancozeb @ 4 g/kg of seed or Carboxin or Carbendazim at 2 g/kg of seed. Treatment with Trichoderma can be done just before sowing
How land preparation is done for groundnut cultivation?
Plough with tractor disc followed by harrow, once or twice with iron plough or three to four times with country plough, until all clods are broken and a good tilth is achieved. Once every three years, chisel the soils with hard pan formation at shallow depth using a chisel plough, first in one direction and then in the direction perpendicular to the previous one. In addition to chiselling, apply 12.5 t/ha FYM or composted coir pith.